Quiz 4C: Environmental pillar of sustainable development

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1. 
At COP26, Vietnam committed to ending deforestation and reducing methane emissions by what percentage compared to 2020 by 2030?

Reference: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/entities/publication/29e72556-d255-5c50-a086-245c1ccc4704.

2. 
What are the most significant environmental impacts of plastic pollution in the ocean?

3. 
Fill in the blank: "___(1)___ is anything that can cause harm, while ___(2)___ is the possibility that it actually happens".

4. 
The chemical reaction C18H18 + 12.5O2 → 8CO2 + 9H2O represents the combustion of which of the following fossil fuels?

5. 
Fill in the blanks: _____________ is an ecosystem's ability to respond to a stressor by resisting damage and recovering quickly.

6. 
How does the Montreal Protocol relate to the planetary boundary framework?

7. 
The chemical reaction CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + 2H₂O represents the combustion of which of the following fossil fuels?

8. 
How is the concept of a carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) understood?

9. 
Why was the term 'Anthropocene', introduced by Paul Crutzen, coined to represent the current era in Earth's history?

10. 
Which is not one of the Ramsar areas in Vietnam?

11. 
What are the main causes of ocean acidification related to human activities?

12. 
What is the share of global greenhouse gas emissions between sectors?

13. 
According to the Back to Blue Peak Plastics Management Index, which country currently ranks highest in plastics management?

14. 
What is the definition of "resilience in the context of sustainable development?

15. 
What constitutes biosphere integrity?

16. 
How is the concept of "Extended Producer Responsibility" (EPR) understood?

17. 
In what year was John Elkington's "triple bottom line" theory invented?

18. 
Which COP is related to the 2015 Paris Agreement, a landmark agreement aimed at reducing global greenhouse gas emissions and limiting global warming to no more than 2.0°C?

COP stands for "Conference of the Parties". These are the annual meetings of the countries participating in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The goal of the COP is to discuss and make commitments and policies to mitigate the impact of climate change, adjust and implement international agreements such as the Paris Agreement. Each COP is numbered in order of organization, for example, COP3 is the 3rd Conference, which took place from December 1 to 10, 1997 in Kyoto, Japan.

19. 
Which of the following is not characteristic of persistent organic pollutants (POPs)?

20. 
Which of the following is the correct definition of a planetary boundary?

2 Bình luận

  1. How does the Montreal Protocol relate to the planetary boundary framework?

    a. The international planetary boundaries for the seven important processes of the Earth have been agreed upon in the Montreal Protocol.
    b. The Montreal Protocol is the basis for the study of planetary boundaries.
    c. The Montreal Protocol has helped reduce the amount of CO₂ in the atmosphere, avoiding the impact of humans on climate change beyond the zone of uncertainty.
    d. The Montreal Protocol has helped minimize damage to the ozone layer, bringing human impact back to safe levels.
    Em thấy câu c và d đáp án khá giống nhau ạ, mong thầy/cô có thể giải thích giúp em tại sao câu d lại đúng hơn ạ?

    • – Đáp án A: Sai
      “The international planetary boundaries for the seven important processes of the Earth have been agreed upon in the Montreal Protocol.”
      => Sai vì Montreal Protocol chỉ liên quan đến ozone, không bao gồm các ranh giới khác như khí hậu, đa dạng sinh học, chu trình dinh dưỡng, v.v.

      – Đáp án B: Sai
      “The Montreal Protocol is the basis for the study of planetary boundaries.”
      => Sai vì khái niệm Planetary Boundaries được đề xuất năm 2009 bởi Johan Rockström và cộng sự, không phải bắt nguồn từ Montreal Protocol. Dù Montreal Protocol là ví dụ điển hình trong ứng dụng, nó không phải nền tảng lý thuyết của khái niệm này.

      – Đáp án C: Sai
      “The Montreal Protocol has helped reduce the amount of CO₂ in the atmosphere…”
      => Sai vì Montreal Protocol không nhằm mục tiêu giảm CO₂, mà là loại bỏ các chất làm suy giảm tầng ozone như CFCs, HCFCs. CO₂ là khí nhà kính chính, liên quan đến biến đổi khí hậu, không phải ozone.

      – Đáp án D: Đúng
      “The Montreal Protocol has helped minimize damage to the ozone layer, bringing human impact back to safe levels.”
      => Đúng vì Montreal Protocol giúp phục hồi tầng ozone, giảm thiểu rủi ro vượt ranh giới hành tinh về ozone ở tầng bình lưu, là một trong rất ít ranh giới được phục hồi về vùng an toàn.

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