Quiz 4B: Environmental pillar of sustainable development

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The following indicators are commonly used to measure the environmental aspect of Sustainable Development, except: _______.

Global Energy Consumption Index

Biodiversity Index

Red List index

Living Planet Index

Mountain Green Cover Index

Chemical Use Index

Which of the following is incorrect about carbon tax?

They are very effective in reducing emissions, including CO2 and other greenhouse gases.

They reduce the impact of climate change.

Politicians are always interested in strengthening or creating new taxes, including carbon taxes.

They encourage the transition to clean, zero-carbon energy sources.

The two main sources of CO2 emissions are _____.

gasoline and natural gas

oil and coal

cement and steel

food and tourism

Which of the following is not one of the five targets of SDG 7 "Ensuring access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all" in sustainable development?

Ensure global access to affordable, reliable, and modern energy services.

Significantly increase the share of renewable energy in the overall global energy.

Prevent and significantly reduce marine pollution in all its forms.

Double the global rate of improvement in energy efficiency.

What are the main causes of climate change?

Human activities such as deforestation and burning fossil fuels.

Increased volcanic activity, releasing greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

Natural weather phenomena such as droughts and hurricanes.

Changes in the Earth's orbit and the activity of the solar system.

What does the term "Dutch disease" refer to in economics?

An economic strategy in which countries diversify their exports to avoid dependence on a single resource.

A situation in which a country's manufacturing industry grows rapidly due to a boom in natural resource exports.

A condition in which the discovery of natural resources leads to a stronger currency, which negatively affects other export industries.

A policy of strong investment in the agricultural sector to promote economic growth.

Which of the following is incorrect?

Because carbon taxes are often passed on to consumers in the form of higher prices for goods and services, it reduces the incentive of companies to invest in new technology.

Carbon taxes are set by the government, based on $/ton of CO2 or CO2e. The more greenhouse gases (GHGs) are emitted, the larger the carbon tax.

Carbon taxes incentivize companies (and households) to reduce their carbon emissions.

A carbon tax is a tax on carbon emissions generated by burning fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, or oil).

What does the term "resource curse" mean?

A situation where countries with abundant natural resources experience economic growth and a high level of development.

A paradox is that countries rich in natural resources often have lower economic growth and poorer development outcomes due to factors such as corruption and conflict.

A strategy in which countries deliberately avoid exploiting their natural resources in order to focus on industrialization.

A phenomenon in which countries with abundant natural resources often have stronger and more stable economies.

What does the "Deposit-Refund" system mean in waste management?

A waste management method in which consumers are charged additional taxes based on the amount of waste they produce.

A plan in which manufacturers are responsible for paying for the cost of waste disposal without involving consumer involvement.

A program where companies pay a fee for each product they sell, this fee is used to manage waste.

A system where consumers pay a deposit for a product and receive money back when they return the product for recycling or proper disposal.

10.

Which of the following best defines the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) for carbon markets?

A system where companies receive unlimited free carbon dioxide emission permits.

A regulation that obliges all companies to completely eliminate carbon emissions by a fixed deadline.

A voluntary program where companies report their carbon emissions without penalty.

A market-based method allows companies to buy and sell the right to emit a certain amount of carbon dioxide, with an overall limit set for total emissions.

11.

What is the current area and forest cover of Vietnam (in 2024)?

14.06 millions ha; 40.84%

14.67 millions ha; 42.01%

14.86 millions ha; 42.02%

13.38 millions ha; 39.50%

12.

Which of the following is incorrect about the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS)?

Emission sources that actively reduce their emissions will have a surplus number of emission rights, which they can sell on the carbon market.

Emission limits are set by the government, while also determining the number of emissions rights that can be traded.

Sources of emissions that do little to reduce emissions will have to buy emission rights, incurring additional costs (often passed on to consumers!).

Carbon markets in developing countries include only ETS.

13.

Fill in the blanks: "Human activity has altered nearly _____% of the Earth's surface."

14.

What is the path to net zero?

Electrification: conversion of oil and gas systems to electricity.

Energy Efficiency: reduce energy consumption.

Decarbonization: reducing or eliminating all sources of carbon emissions.

All are correct.

15.

What is the main purpose of implementing a carbon tax?

To generate revenue for the government to spend on environmental projects.

To provide subsidies to renewable energy companies and research solutions to combat climate change.

To reduce greenhouse gas emissions by making carbon dioxide emissions more expensive, thereby encouraging businesses and individuals to use cleaner energy sources.

To penalize companies for making profits in high-carbon emitting industries.

16.

Which of the following sectors contributes the most to climate change?

Forestry

Energy

Agriculture

Construction

17.

Which statement best describes the concept of "decoupling" in the context of sustainable development?

Decoupling is a strategy to reduce economic growth to protect natural resources.

Decoupling is the practice of stopping all industrial activities to prevent pollution.

Decoupling is the process of separating economic growth from environmental degradation.

Decoupling involves increasing the use of resources along with economic growth.

18.

What does the concept of "net zero" mean?

Sustaining the current status quo by doing no harm.

Building capacity for self-sustaining abundance of life.

Pursuing efficiency gains to do less harm and achieve better value returns.

Pursuing an ideal that heals past harm.

19.

What is the proportion of people worldwide who depend on forests for their livelihoods, jobs, and incomes?

35%

15%

45%

25%

20.

Which of the following sentences best defines a carbon tax?

A tax that only applies to the automotive industry to reduce fuel consumption.

A tax is imposed on companies based on the amount of plastic waste they produce.

A tax levied on all natural resources to preserve the environment.

A tax on the carbon content of fossil fuels, aimed at reducing carbon dioxide emissions.

Quiz 4A

Quiz 4C

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